Based on the eventual destruction of the solar system and the critical need for human continuation, as well as humans cannot travel to the nearest habitable exoplanet within a lifetime, this article suggests sending synthetic biology- and AI-created plant-like astronauts to the closest habitable exoplanet. These astronauts have green skin, blue blood, and the ability to perform photosynthesis. They can withstand cosmic radiation and extremely low temperatures in space, while generating energy through photosynthesis. This interdisciplinary approach may offer a solution for the survival challenges faced by humanity during its eternal interstellar exploration. As long as these plant-like astronauts possess human consciousness, it is irrelevant whether they are hybrids of carbon- and silicon-based life forms. They will continue their lineage of humanity on exoplanets. Humanity has two survival options. The first option is the Martian migration program led by Elon Reeve Musk, which is both visible and realistic. It could provide an immediate option for human continuation and expansion, although it may not help us escape the future burning of the Sun during its red giant. The second option involves directly sending plant-like astronauts beyond the solar system. This kind of audacious adventure may be worth it: escaping its destruction entirely and preserving our species. Instead of struggling on Mars for thousands of years to reach today’s technological level on Earth and then initiate an “escape from Mars”, it may be more feasible to begin the “escape from Earth” to Teegarden’s Star b now. Should we consider both options simultaneously, much like how humans use their two legs to walk? We must strive with all our might; otherwise, humanity will forever be trapped within the solar system, awaiting the inevitable helium flash to come…

We have to face an important and urgent problem: even though according to spectral detection, we cannot conclude that there is much water ice on the Moon as the prevailing theory claims. We might have overlooked the widespread presence of methanol on the Moon. After the interstellar methanol ice fell onto the Moon, the methanol in it was retained due to the strong adsorption of methanol in the carbon-rich lunar regolith and the water in it could be divided into two situations: one involved in catalytic reactions with methanol on lunar surface and another one escaped to the deep space because of harsh environment. The rest of methanol might still be widespread on lunar surface. M3 is unable to distinguish between hydroxyl radicals from water ice and hydroxyl groups from methanol because the absorption strengths of the two are all 2.9 μm, and there are no established methods to distinguish them using the 2.9μm band. Thus, most of the lunar water detected by M3 might be lunar methanol. Attention should be paid to previous misreading of the spectrum. The so-called surficial water illogically appeared at lunar equator, seriously shaking the credibility of M3 spectra data analysis. The vast quantities of hydrogen found in lunar polar craters should be hydrogen ice, which easy to confuse with water ice. The author has also made a preliminary study of the physical / chemical process chains on lunar surface. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research in this field in the future.

The splitting of the plates with SN strikes was attributed to the maximum principal stress field accumulated by the rotation of the Earth. The course of the plate breakup is as follows: any plate has to undergo 5 stages before breaking up; the 5 stages own each tectonic system; the strikes of these 5 tectonic systems gradually deflect 15° towards the rotation axis of the Earth; and after entering the 5th stage, the plate will normally be broken up. This model is supported by experiments and verified using real data from the China Plate, deriving some important conclusions. The five-stage model of plate breakup can explain the linear characteristics of rift valleys and oceanic ridges, which other hypotheses in terms of mantle convection, hot-spots and mantle plumes cannot be explained. Theoretically, the significance of this study might be its filling in gaps in the field of plate tectonics. In addition, this model unexpectedly came to a relatively simple account of why Mars and Venus do not look as our Earth has an entire plate breakup and subsequent florid biological world, mainly because of the 5° deviation between Earth and Mars (or Venus) in the direction of the resultant force that their lithospheric plates have gone through, respectively. The 5° deviation created our distinctive Earth and human beings. Throughout the Solar System, almost all planets are regular spheres except our Earth, which may be why humans is so lonely!

The absorption strength of hydroxyl radicals and hydroxyl groups are all 2.9μm, so it is easy to confuse hydroxyl radicals and hydroxyl groups when interpreting M3 spectra data. I do not doubt the ability of LCROSS to detect OH from water, but only suspect that LCROSS is unable to distinguish between hydroxyl radicals from water ice and hydroxyl groups from methanol because it ignores their spectral identity. Hydroxyl radicals and hydroxyl groups are two different concepts: hydroxyl radicals belong to the ion, whereas hydroxyl groups are the type of functional groups in organic matter. We have reason to suspect hydroxyl radicals that LCROSS claimed to discover on the Moon might actually be hydroxyl groups from Moon’s methanol. It seems that all our misconceptions about water ice in lunar polar craters might be due to the neglect of the chemical role of lunar methanol. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research in this field in the future.

The five-stage model of plate breakup can explain the linear characteristics of rift valleys and oceanic ridges, which other hypotheses in terms of mantle convection, hot-spots and mantle plumes cannot be explained. The course of the plate breakup is as follows: any plate has to undergo 5 stages before breaking up; the 5 stages own each tectonic system; the strikes of these 5 tectonic systems gradually deflect 15° towards the rotation axis of the Earth; and after entering the 5th stage, the plate will normally be broken up. This model is supported by experiments.

We have to face an important and urgent problem: even though according to spectral detection, we cannot conclude that there is much water on the Moon as the prevailing theory claims. We might have overlooked the widespread presence of lunar methanol. M3 is unable to distinguish between hydroxyl radicals from water and hydroxyl groups from methanol because the absorption strengths of the two are all 2.9 μm, and there are no established methods to distinguish them using the 2.9 µm band. The so-called surficial water illogically appeared at lunar equator, seriously shaking the credibility of M3 spectra data analysis. The vast quantities of hydrogen found in lunar polar craters should be hydrogen ice, which easy to confuse with water ice. The author has also made a preliminary study of the physical / chemical process chains on lunar surface. It is necessary to conduct in-depth research in this field in the future.