Abstract Objective Evaluate Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) trainees’ knowledge in surgical anatomy Designs Prospective cross-sectional study. Setting Departments of O&G in various hospitals Population Trainees in O&G recruited between 1st August to 1 December 2019 Method: Hard copy questionnaire based study. Information regarding demographics such as gender, year of training, attendance at applied anatomy workshop. In addition, perception of surgical anatomy knowledge was recorded. Main outcome measures Perception of surgical anatomy knowledge among trainees Results We recruited 271 trainees, mean age 29.3 years, and 80.1% rated value of medical school course as average or above. In addition, 90.8% never attended anatomy workshop, and 9.6% and 62% of first and fifth year residents respectively rated their knowledge as either good or very good, and 41.7% reported that anatomy demonstrations by senior doctors happened sometimes. Perception of knowledge was statistically significantly more in higher training years, higher perceived value in medical school course, attendance at anatomy lectures, more operating experience, and when senior doctors demonstrate anatomy more often . Conclusion Deficiencies were identified in surgical anatomy knowledge among resident in all years. Factors identified which may improve knowledge include more applied undergraduate anatomy courses, more operating sessions and anatomy workshops, and more senior colleagues’ demonstration of surgical anatomy . Overall knowledge in regards to anatomy needs to be improved for better patient safety. Keywords: obstetrics, gynaecology, surgical anatomy, medical students, resident doctors Tweetable abstract Do Obstetrics and Gynaecology trainees have adequate surgical anatomy knowledge? Funding: No funding was requited for this study

Rationale, aims and objectives: limited knowledge of knee OA and its management options decreases adherence to treatment and adversely affect symptoms and functioning. The knowledge and experience of people living in countries from the developed world have been previously explored. However, many socio-cultural differences exist when comparing Jordan, as representative of the Middle East, to developed countries which might influence the impact of knee OA on health. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the knowledge of the pathology and the experience of people diagnosed with knee OA living in Jordan. Method: fourteen participants were included in the study (13 females, one male). One focus group and seven in depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. The discussions were audio-taped and transcribed. Framework analysis was used and data were mapped to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Results: four themes containing eleven sub-themes emerged: Theme 1) Body functions and structures included two sub-themes; physical changes, psychological impact; 2) Activity limitation and participation restriction included three sub-themes; factors influencing the activities, cultural and social perspective to activity limitation and participation restriction; 3) Personal factors included three sub-themes; knowledge and personal interpretation of disease process, knowledge of management options to relief symptoms, influence of personal factors on activity and participation; 4) Environmental factors included three sub-themes; service delivery process, ineffective communication across the care pathway, facilitators and barriers. Conclusion(s): knowledge of the disease was lacking as a consequence of inappropriate service delivery and the culture. Activity limitations and participation restrictions are similar in Jordan to other cultures in addition to limitations in religious, employment and transportation activities which are the consequences of the geography, the infrastructure, and culture. These results demonstrate the global impact of knee OA on health and the need to understand different cultures to devise optimal management plan.