Consider general minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) robust adaptive beamforming problems based on the optimal estimation for both the desired signal steering vector and the interference-plus-noise covariance (INC) matrix. The optimal robust adaptive beamformer design problem is an array output power maximization problem, subject to three constraints on the steering vector, namely, a (convex or nonconvex) quadratic constraint ensuring that the direction-of-arrival (DOA) of the desired signal is separated from the DOA region of all linear combinations of the interference steering vectors, a double-sided norm constraint, and a similarity constraint; as well as a ball constraint on the INC matrix, which is centered at a given data sample covariance matrix. To tackle the nonconvex problem, a new tightened semidefinite relaxation (SDR) approach is proposed to output a globally optimal solution; otherwise, a sequential convex approximation (SCA) method is established to return a locally optimal solution. The simulation results show that the MVDR robust adaptive beamformers based on the optimal estimation for the steering vector and the INC matrix have better performance (in terms of, e.g., the array output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio) than the existing MVDR robust adaptive beamformers by the steering vector estimation only.

This letter presents a sub-6 GHz wideband low noise amplifier (LNA) based on double L-type load network and negative feedback technique. Using the cascode structure combined with the above techniques, a single-stage wideband LNA with high gain and low noise figure (NF) can be realized. Fabricated in 110-nm SOI CMOS technology, the proposed LNA achieves a maximum power gain of 15.2 dB, noise figure (NF) of 1.0–1.56 dB. The 3-dB bandwidth ranges from 3.05–4.55 GHz. The minimum power input at 1dB compression point (IP1dB) is -17.1 dBm. The LNA core area is 0.18 mm2 and dissipates a total power of 11.5 mW from 1.4 V power supply.

Strong clutter seriously affects target-of-interest detection in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. This letter proposes an unsupervised target detection method (U-TDM) based on a complex-valued extreme learning machine (CV-ELM), the essence of which is to transform the problem of target detection into a pixel binary classification problem. The SAR image is first divided into several unlabeled patches, and fuzzy c-means (FCM) is used to construct the reference target patch set and the clutter patch set. Based on these two patch sets, CV-ELM is used to classify the neighboring patch of the pixel to be detected. Since the pixel intensity and distribution of target-of-interest and clutter are different, unsupervised pixel classification could be realized without ground-truth through U-TDM. Experimental results on GF-3 data and Sentinel-1 data show the efficiency of the proposed method in target detection with a heterogeneous clutter environment.

Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) is a fundamental research topic in the field of signal processing and wireless communication, which has widespread applications in cognitive radio, non-collaborative communication, etc. However, current AMR methods are mostly based on unimodal inputs, which suffer from incomplete information and local optimization. In this paper, we focus on the modality utilization in AMR. The proxy experiments show that different modalities achieve a similar recognition effect in most scenarios, while the personalities of different inputs are complementary to each other for particular modulations. Therefore, we mine the universal and complementary characteristics of the modality data in the domain-agnostic and domain-specific aspects, yielding the Universal and Complementary subspaces accordingly (dubbed as UCNet). To facilitate the subspace construction, we propose universal and complementary losses accordingly, where the former minimizes the heterogeneous feature gap by an adversarial constraint and the latter consists of an orthogonal constraint between universal and complementary features. The extensive experiments on the RadioML2016.10A dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of UCNet, which has achieved the highest recognition accuracy of 93.2% at 10 dB, and the average accuracy is 92.6% at high SNR greater than zero.

This study investigates the development of InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers on a InP(001) substrate, utilizing only III-arsenide layers. This approach avoids the issues associated with the use of phosphorus compounds, which are evident in the crystal growth of conventional C/L-band QD lasers, making the manufacturing process safer, simpler, and more cost-effective. The threshold current density of the fabricated QD laser was 633 A/cm2, which is the lowest value for QD lasers in the 1.6 μm-wavelength region. This result suggests a high cost-effectiveness and paved the way toward a large-scale production technology for high-performing C/L/U-band QD lasers.

This paper proposes a background calibration scheme for the pipelined-SAR ADC based on the neural network. Due to the nonlinear function fitting capability of the neural network, the linearity of the ADC is improved effectively. However, the hardware complexity of the neural network limits its application and promotion in ADC calibration. Hence, this paper also presents the optimization schemes, including the neuron-based sharing neural network and the partially binarized with fixed neural network, in terms of calibration architecture and algorithm. A 60 MS/s 14-bit pipelined-SAR ADC prototyped in 28-nm technology is utilized to verify the feasibility of the proposed calibration method. The measurement results show that the proposed calibration enhances the SFDR and SNDR from 68.3 dB and 44.6 dB to 95.4 dB and 65.4 dB at low frequency, and from 56.8 dB and 35.6 dB to 90.6 dB and 63.6 dB at Nyquist frequency. Meanwhile, the original calibrator and improved calibrator are synthesized in Synopsys Design Compiler to compare their hardware complexity. Compared with the unoptimized version, the optimized schemes can decrease the logic area and the network weights up to 76% and 52%, with negligible loss in calibration performance.

The respective simplifications of prime-point DFT and ultra-long-point IDFT in PRACH are proposed. The former is an equivalent substitution of DFT function by using the property of ZC sequence, and the latter is an approximation based on cubic spline interpolation, which not only reduces the IDFT points, but also is easy to construct.

Intrusion Detection and Prevention (IDPS) is a critical cybersecurity task that involves monitoring network traffic for malicious activity and taking appropriate action to stop it. However, insufficient training data or improperly chosen thresholds often limit the accuracy of such systems, resulting in high false positive rates. To improve the accuracy of an IDPS, blockchain technology can be used. Blockchain technology provides a secure, decentralized, immutable ledger that can track suspicious activity over time and identify intrusions globally. Security teams can use blockchain technology to create immutable records of suspicious activity, give users visibility into the system, and improve the accuracy of intrusion detection systems. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology to improve the accuracy of blockchain-based intrusion detection and prevention systems, which is based on combining different intrusion detection algorithms and using a blockchain-integrated architecture. Our experimental results show that the proposed system significantly increases the accuracy while reducing the false positive rate, opening up new opportunities for the development of highly accurate networks.

To improve the detection rate of pulmonary nodules in early lung cancer screening, a low-dose CT pulmonary nodule detection algorithm based on 3D CNN-CapsNet (3D convolution neural network and capsule network) was presented. However, the convolution kernel size of the traditional CNN is relatively simple at each layer, and it is difficult to obtain more abundant features, which is not effective for medical images with a hierarchical structure and does not fully consider the spatial information of medical sequence data. CapsNet is a new network architecture that can be used to classify, using a group of neurons as a capsule to replace the traditional neural networks, it may be made to the attribute information and spatial feature extraction. The network structure we designed includes FCN and CapsNet. First, the convolution kernels of different sizes are used to extract features at different scales. Then enter the initial feature map to obtain the first part into the designed CapsNet to get the final classification result. Through the experimental verification of the ELCAP database, the nodule detection rate is 95.19%, the sensitivity is 92.31%, the specificity is 98.08% and the F1-score is 0.95 which are much better than other baseline methods.

The target and sea clutter Doppler domains frequently overlap due to the frequent passage of slow ship targets through the sea clutter zone. In this letter, a novel sea clutter suppression method is suggested as a solution to this issue, whose key is a novel singular value zeroing criterion guided by the search results of two-dimensional spectral peaks. Verified by simulations, the method proposed can improve signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) from -8 dB to 41 dB in the frequency domain and be more effective than the conventional SVD-FRFT method in[7] and improved SVD-FRFT method in[8] .

As detection technology continually advances, the survivability of targets on the battlefield is significantly challenged. Therefore, microwave absorbers with stealth capabilities have become a focal point of research in modern military science. To address the issues of narrow bandwidth and complex structures in existing absorbers, we propose a model for an ultra-wideband absorber based on a hybrid structure. In this study, we design, manufacture, and characterize a polarization-insensitive ultra-wideband absorber (PIUWA), which demonstrates impressive absorptivity of over 90% across a range of 4-24.53GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 144%). This is achieved by inducing multiple resonance peaks within the hybrid structure. Moreover, the subwavelength periodicity of the PIUWA theoretically contributes to its angular stability under full-wave polarizations. We observed that absorption performance remains stable under incident conditions within 45 degrees. Furthermore, the operational mechanism of the PIUWA is elucidated through an equivalent circuit model, with design validity confirmed via experimental measurements. This study paves the way for the design and fabrication of ultra-wideband microwave absorbers that offer high absorptivity, robust angular stability, and simpler assembly processes, thereby broadening the potential for application in other absorber types.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an on-chip all-optical multicasting (AOM) for 40 Gbit/s mode-division-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (MDM-QPSK) signals based on a parallel dispersion-engineered multimode nonlinear silicon waveguide. Five dual-mode multicast wavelengths are successfully obtained on the generate idlers, and the power penalties of all the multicast channels are less than 1.1 dB at the bit error rate (BER) of 3.8×10-3. The dual-mode AOM scheme has the potential to promote the ability of optical cross-connect in practical hybrid multiplexed networks including MDM channels.

In this letter, we introduce a design of virtual guarded SiPMs fabricated in a standard 0.35 μm standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. We compare the performance of these virtual guarded cells (VGC) to that of conventional cells with real guard rings, referred to as physical guarded cells (PGC). Specifically, we evaluate the photon detection efficiency (PDE) of both types of SiPMs. Our results demonstrate that the VGC SiPM outperforms the PGC SiPM, exhibiting a true PDE of (22.5 ± 0.5) %, which is significantly higher than the PDE of (10.9 ± 0.3) % obtained for the PGC SiPM. The superior PDE of the VGC SiPM is attributed to a larger active or photosensitive area due to the virtual guard rings and a thinner n-layer in the photosensitive region.

An improved coot optimization algorithm is proposed for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) coverage optimization. To monitor the interest field and obtain the valid data, a wireless sensor network coverage model is established. The population is initialized with cubic map and opposition-based learning strategy. The leader population is reversely learned dimension by dimension, so as to improve the diversity of the population and the global optimization ability of the algorithm. The simplex method is introduced to optimize the local exploration of the population. The experimental results show that the enhanced coot optimization algorithm for coverage optimization in wireless sensor networks can reduce energy consumption and improve network coverage.

In this paper, we investigate the application of Hybrid Representation in Wide-Angle Synthetic Aperture Radar (WASAR) imaging, addressing the challenges of achieving sparse representation in the presence of complex electromagnetic scattering characteristics and highly anisotropic targets. We utilize a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to represent two-dimensional data within the same subaperture, while employing dictionary learning for sparse representation across different subapertures. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel at learning spatial hierarchies and local dependencies in two-dimensional data, but require a large amount of training data. Isotropic targets within subapertures can be used for training with conventional SAR data, whereas anisotropic targets present challenges in obtaining training samples. To address this, a dictionary for different subapertures is generated from measurements using dictionary learning, eliminating the need for additional training data. By integrating these methods, we propose a novel approach, Hybrid-WASAR, which incorporates two regularization terms into WASAR imaging and employs the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to iteratively solve the imaging model. Compared to traditional WASAR imaging techniques, Hybrid-WASAR not only enhances the accuracy of the reconstructed target backscatter coefficients, but also effectively reduces sidelobes and noise, resulting in a significant improvement in overall imaging quality.

In this letter, a novel model for broadband power amplifier (PA) linearization is proposed, namely Attention Mechanism based Bidirectional Long Short-term Memory network (AM-BiLSTM). In order to verify the linearization performance of the AM-BiLSTM model, a 100MHz bandwidth 5G new radio (5G NR) signal is employed to test the sub-6G PA operating at 2.6-GHz. The experimental results show that the adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of the PA with AM-BiLSTM can be improved by 24dB which is 6-dB better than the generalized memory polynomial (GMP) and 3-dB better than the Chebyshev polynomials LSTM (CP-LSTM) in ref[1]. Therefore, the proposed AM-BiLSTM is very effective for the linearization of broadband PA.

A common 400V dc bus for industrial motor drives advantageously allows the use of high-performance 600V power semiconductor technology in the inverter drive converter stages and to lower the rated power of the supplying rectifier system. Ideally, this supplying rectifier system features unity power factor operation, bidirectional power flow and nominal power operation in the three-phase and the single-phase grid. This paper introduces a novel bidirectional universal single-/three-phase-input unity power factor differential ac-dc converter suitable for the above mentioned requirements: The basic operating principle and conduction states of the proposed topology are derived and discussed in detail. Then, the main power component voltage and current stresses are determined and simulation results in PLECS are provided. The concept is verified by means of experimental measurements conducted in both three-phase and single-phase operation with a 6kW prototype system employing a switching frequency of 100 kHz and 1200V SiC power semiconductors.

In this letter, an analytical method for the beampattern synthesis of symmetric nonuniform array is proposed. This method consists of two steps. In the first step, it acquires a real symmetric excitation by the convex optimization method to attain a pencil beam. In the second step, it superposes the pencil beams pointing in different directions to synthesize the prescribed beampattern. Numerical results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.