Physicochemical Characterization and Bioactive Compounds of Cold Pressed
Pine Nut Oil
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine some physicochemical
characteristics and bioactive compounds of Turkish pine nut cold pressed
oil. The moisture content, total protein amount and crude oil yield of
the pine nut were 3.18%, 31.46% and 35.58% respectively. The fatty
acid profile, tocopherol and sterol contents of this oil were
characterized. Linoleic acid (46.39%) was found to be the predominant
fatty acid followed by palmitic (6.3%), stearic (3.5%), gadoleic
(0.81%), linolenic (0.58%), eicosadienoic (0.49%), oleic (37.73%),
behenic (0.13%), palmitoleic (0.1%), margaric (0.08%), myristic
(0.06%) and heptadecenoic acid (0.05%). Regarding tocopherol
composition, α-tocopherol (174.48 µg/g), γ-tocopherol (485.92 µg/g) and
α-tocotrienol (2004.65 µg/g) were major ingredients in the pine nut oil.
Regarding sterol composition, pine nut oil was determined to have
remarkably high content of β-sitosterol (76.15%). The other sterols
present in the oil were campesterol (15.60%), sitostanol (6.46%),
D-5,24-stigmastadienol (1.43%) and ergosterol (0.36%). The most
abundant triacylglycerol (TAG) was LLL (trilinolein) (11.5867%)
followed by OLnL (Oleolinolenolinolein) (0.7302%), PLnL
(Palmitolinolenolinolein) (0.1422%) and PoLL (Palmitoleodilinolein)
(0.0826%).