Root exudates serve as crucial mediators for the information exchange between plants and soil, which is an important evolutionary mechanism for plants to adapt to environmental changes. In this study, 15 different abiotic stress models were established using various stress factors, including drought (D), high temperature (T), nitrogen deficiency (N), and phosphorus deficiency (P) and their combinations. We investigated their effects on the seedling growth of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge and the activities of