Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent visual ailment, defined by insufficient wetting and lubrication of the ocular surface. The principal management strategy for dry eye involves the application of artificial tear solutions to mitigate eye discomfort. Moreover, immune-modulating agents such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506) are employed in the therapeutic regimen for this condition. These drugs regulate the immune response and reduce ocular inflammation. Tacrolimus (TAC) is 10-100 times more effective than cyclosporine and has a better safety profile. Nevertheless, the modest aqueous solubility and substantial molecular size of TAC present obstacles to its efficient administration to the eye. Consequently, a range of TAC formulations including ointments, micelles, liposomes, and nanocarriers are under exploration to enhance ocular delivery. Findings from this investigation indicated that TAC impedes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampens immune activity by restraining the activation of T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, TAC elevates goblet cell populations in the conjunctiva, pivotal for mucin production and the preservation of ocular surface integrity. Additionally, using TAC-loaded liposomes can further enhance its therapeutic efficacy by improving ocular bioavailability. Furthermore, 0.03% TAC eye drops applied directly to the eye successfully improve tear film stability and the health of the eye’s surface in patients with DED. Overall, TAC has shown promising effects in treating DED by reducing inflammation and improving tear secretion in experimental and clinical studies. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and long-term effects of TAC on DED.

Dry eye disease (DED) represents a prevalent visual ailment, defined by insufficient wetting and lubrication of the ocular surface. The principal management strategy for dry eye involves the application of artificial tear solutions to mitigate eye discomfort. Moreover, immune-modulating agents such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506) are employed in the therapeutic regimen for this condition. These drugs regulate the immune response and reduce ocular inflammation. Tacrolimus (TAC) is 10-100 times more effective than cyclosporine and has a better safety profile. Nevertheless, the modest aqueous solubility and substantial molecular size of TAC present obstacles to its efficient administration to the eye. Consequently, a range of TAC formulations including ointments, micelles, liposomes, and nanocarriers are under exploration to enhance ocular delivery. Findings from this investigation indicated that TAC impedes the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dampens immune activity by restraining the activation of T and B lymphocytes. Furthermore, TAC elevates goblet cell populations in the conjunctiva, pivotal for mucin production and the preservation of ocular surface integrity. Additionally, using TAC-loaded liposomes can further enhance its therapeutic efficacy by improving ocular bioavailability. Furthermore, 0.03% TAC eye drops applied directly to the eye successfully improve tear film stability and the health of the eye’s surface in patients with DED. Overall, TAC has shown promising effects in treating DED by reducing inflammation and improving tear secretion in experimental and clinical studies. However, more studies are needed to fully understand the mechanism of action and long-term effects of TAC on DED.

Background:Preterm labor is one of the most common pregnancy complications, and it can have catastrophic effects, including preterm birth and accompanying complications. This study’s objective is to compare the efficacy of Magnesium Sulfate and Indomethacin vs Magnesium Sulfate alone in avoiding preterm labor in pregnant women at Kosar Hospital in2019–2021. Methods:In this interventional study, which was conducted as a double-blind, randomized clinical trial on 200 pregnant women with gestational ages ranging from24to32weeks who were referred to Qazvin’s Kosar Hospital. Patients were divided into two equal groups and given magnesium sulfate and indomethacin (group A)or magnesium sulfate alone(group B).The data then was analyzed with SPSS statistical software and statistical tests. Results:According to the study’s findings, the average time interval between receiving the drug and childbirth in group A was774.71+505.91hours and in group B it was545.77+503.32hours,which was statistically significant (P0.05). Besides that, the mean gestational age at the time of pregnancy termination was35.30+250weeks in group A and35.03+2.65weeks in group B, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The type of intervention, on the other hand, had a significant relationship with the number of labors during the first 7 days after starting the drug (P >0.05). Conclusion:The results showed that magnesium sulfate and indomethacin were more effective than magnesium sulfate alone in inhibiting and delaying preterm labor.There were similarities in comparing the findings of our study with other studies. Keywords:Preterm labor,Magnesium Sulfate,Indomethacin Financial disclosures:None