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Future decline of Antarctic Circumpolar Current due to polar ocean freshening
  • Taimoor Sohail,
  • Bishakhdatta Gayen,
  • Andreas Klocker
Taimoor Sohail
Australian Center for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of New South Wales, School of Mathematics and Statis-tics, University of New South Wales

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Bishakhdatta Gayen
Australian Center for Excellence in Antarctic Science, University of Melbourne, Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne
Andreas Klocker
NORCE Norwe-gian Research Centre, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research

Abstract

The Antarctic Circumpolar Current is the world’s strongest ocean current. This vast current system is linked to ocean overturning and is pivotal to the uptake of ocean heat and CO2. The strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has varied across Earth’s past climates, but the exact drivers of this change remain elusive. Ocean models have not been able to adequately resolve eddies and dense shelf water formation processes that control current strength. Here, we assess a global ocean model which resolves such processes to diagnose the impact of future thermohaline and wind conditions on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. This model suggests the strength of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current will decline by up to ∼ 20% by 2050. This decline is supported by simple scaling theory, and is driven by ice shelf melting, which weakens the density gradient historically supported by surface temperature. Such a decline in transport would have critical implications for the global ocean circulation, and hence, Earth’s climate system.