Real-Time Three-Dimensional Transesophageal Echocardiography Outperforms
Three-Dimensional Printing in Detecting Multiple Perivalvular Leaks
after Mitral Valve Replacement：A Case Report and Literature Review
Abstract
To report on a patient who developed multiple perivalvular leak (PVL)
after a mechanical mitral valve replacement, and how clinicians
successfully used real-time three-dimensional transesophageal
echocardiography combined with 3D printing to complete transapical
perivalvular closure. Additionally, we reviewed the literature to
explore the advantages and disadvantages of multimodal imaging for
perivalvular
, 
