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Ionospheric Dawnside Subauroral Polarization Streams: A Unique Feature of Major Geomagnetic Storms
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  • Dong Lin,
  • Wenbin Wang,
  • Viacheslav G. Merkin,
  • Chaosong Huang,
  • Meers M. Oppenheim,
  • Kareem Sorathia,
  • Kevin H Pham,
  • Adam Michael,
  • Shanshan Bao,
  • Qian Wu,
  • Yongliang Zhang,
  • Michael Wiltberger,
  • Frank R. Toffoletto,
  • John Lyon,
  • Jeffrey Garretson
Dong Lin
National Center for Atmospheric Research

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Wenbin Wang
HAO/NCAR
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Viacheslav G. Merkin
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
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Chaosong Huang
Air Force Research Laboratory
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Meers M. Oppenheim
Boston University
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Kareem Sorathia
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
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Kevin H Pham
National Center for Atmospheric Research
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Adam Michael
The John Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory
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Shanshan Bao
Rice University
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Qian Wu
National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
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Yongliang Zhang
The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
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Michael Wiltberger
National Center for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
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Frank R. Toffoletto
Rice University
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John Lyon
Dartmouth College
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Jeffrey Garretson
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Lab
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Abstract

Strong subauroral plasma flows were observed in the dawnside ionosphere during the 20 November 2003 super geomagnetic storm. They are identified as dawnside subauroral polarization streams (SAPS) in which plasma drift direction is eastward and opposite to the westward SAPS typically found in the dusk sector. Both dawnside and duskside SAPS are driven by the enhanced meridional electric field in the low latitude portion of Region-2 field-aligned currents (FACs) in the subauroral region where ionospheric conductance is relatively low. However, dawnside eastward SAPS were only observed in the main and recovery phases while duskside westward SAPS were found much earlier before the sudden storm commencement. Simulations with the Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model demonstrate that the eastward SAPS are associated with dawnside ring current build-up. Unlike the duskside where ring current build-up and SAPS formation can occur under moderate driving conditions, strong magnetospheric convection is required for plasmasheet ions to overcome their energy-dependent drifts to effectively build up the dawnside ring current and upward Region-2 FACs. We further used test particle simulations to show the characteristic drift pattern of energetic protons under strong convection conditions and how they are related to the dawnside SAPS occurrence. This study demonstrates the connection between the level of solar wind driving condition and a rare ionospheric structure, eastward SAPS on the dawnside, which only occur under strong convection typically associated with intense or super storms. Dawnside SAPS are suggested as a unique feature of major geomagnetic storms.