Hysteresis analysis of the concentration-discharge relationship, a
useful way to assess water quality variables
Abstract
A large variety of hysteresis shapes is observed in the
suspended-sediment concentration-discharge relationship. The analysis of
such forms encompasses two main axes; a qualitative classification and a
quantitative description. In this study, a new automated procedure is
presented to facilitate hysteresis loop analysis. The classification is
based on a numerical transformation to distinguish the combination of
the 3 behaviors exhibited by a hysteresis loop (Linear, Clockwise,
Anticlockwise) whereby the hysteresis shape and class are identified. In
accordance, the hysteresis loop is quantitatively described in a partial
format using normalized and real scale metrics. As proof of concept, the
method was tested on 314 suspended sediment-discharge events issued from
9 USGS stations from 4 different regions to ensure a wide variety of
shapes. The automated classification identified 32 different shapes.
Partial description was found to provide more insight into the different
phases of sediment transport in combined shapes such as the figure of
eight. Real scale quantification linked each hysteresis behavior to its
natural impact. The approach was found to be highly compatible with a
large variety of data types so that it can be generalized to other
relationships found to produce hysteresis loops.