Innovation
1. Studies on rubber tree powdery mildew infections and the causal
pathogenic bacteria are common in the literature. However, research
using high-throughput detection techniques to determine the dominant
taxa in the community of phyllosphere microorganisms on rubber trees
with powdery mildew, and the effect of powdery mildew on these
phyllosphere microorganisms, have not yet been reported. This study did
so for the first time in order to provide data support for more
effective new ideas for the biocontrol of powdery mildew in rubber tree
plantations.
2. Most previous reports investigated the relationship between powdery
mildew and hosts from a molecular perspective, while this work assessed
the influence of pathogenic bacteria on the phyllosphere microorganisms
of host leaves from a relatively macroscopic perspective. The results
confirm that there is little, if any, difference between the
phyllosphere microorganism populations of diseased leaves (Level 3) and
healthy leaves at the same plantation site. Based on this finding, it
can be inferred that phyllosphere microorganisms may exist in a
satisfactory symbiotic relationship with the host plant as well as its
pathogenic bacteria. The findings of this study can also confirm, from a
fresh perspective, that Erysiphe is a obligate parasitic fungi.
In the hostile phyllosphere environment, phyllosphere microorganisms
need to maintain robust symbiotic associations with hosts and pathogens
to survive and evolve, thus leading to a relatively stable evolutionary
relationship between rubber trees, Erysiphe , and their attached
phyllosphere microorganisms in tropical and subtropical regions. In the
future, this research team will further investigate the interactions
between the host, host pathogens, and phyllosphere microorganisms.
3. Few studies have evaluated the effects of foliar pathogens on the
phyllosphere microbial community before and after plant infestation, and
even fewer studies have examined the impact of obligate parasitic fungi
on phyllosphere microorganisms. For example, Dai (2022) investigated the
microbial diversity of tobacco leaves infested with Streptomycesand concluded that the relative abundance of Alternaria in
healthy leaves increased from the first to the third collection, while
the relative abundances of Pseudomonas , Sphingomonas , andMethylobacterium from the same location increased as leaves aged.
Huang et al. (2021) reported on the phyllosphere microbial composition
and diversity of tobacco leaves infested with subseptate strains ofPhytophthora spp. and found that the relative abundances ofDidymella and Boeremia (Ascomycota ) fungi andPseudomonas and Pantoea (Ascomycota ) bacteria were
higher in diseased leaves than in healthy leaves, with healthy tissue
harboring a richer and more diverse fungal community. The
above-mentioned studies uncovered consistent changes in the abundance
and species of microorganisms in the phyllosphere after the pathogenic
infection of their hosts. The present study is the first to gauge the
effect of the powdery mildew’s obligate parasitic fungi,Erysiphe , on the phyllosphere microorganisms of rubber trees in
representative plantation areas in China.
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