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\begin{document}

\title{Carbon Footprint of Tonsillectomy}



\author[1]{Joseph Cannon}%
\author[1]{Hitesh Tailor}%
\author[1]{Catriona Douglas}%
\affil[1]{University of Glasgow}%


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  \date{June 11, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Introduction Healthcare is responsible for 5.4\% of greenhouse gas
emissions in the UK. Emissions in surgery is a relatively unexplored
area; in particular, this hasn't yet been looked at as a whole in ENT in
the UK. Aims Quantify the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from a
tonsillectomy and assess the proportion of each source's contribution.
Method Operational data from tonsillectomies performed at a large
university teaching hospital in the UK were gathered and converted to
global warming potential using established conversion factors and data
from existing healthcare-focused carbon footprint studies. The domains
considered were waste, pharmaceuticals, surgical instrument
decontamination, transportation, consumables use and utilities. This
study used a process-based carbon footprint approach based on the
``Greenhouse Gas Protocol: Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting
Standard''. Results The carbon footprint of a typical case was 41 kgCO2e
which is equivalent to driving a car for approximately 150 miles.
Consumables were responsible for 17\% of this; 14\% came from transport,
5.4\% from decontamination, 4.8\% from pharmaceuticals and 4\% from
waste. However, the largest GHG was from utilities, of which heating,
ventilation and air conditioning was the overwhelming contributor.
Conclusion While the largest sources of GHG emissions require
hospital-wide initiatives, there are aspects of consumables and waste
streams we can improve on in ENT surgery. These include the use of
disposable vs reusable instruments as well as increased availability and
use of recycling waste streams in theatres. Additionally, this study
provides a template that can be applied to other ENT procedures.%
\end{abstract}%



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