Limitations
Several limitations of this study need to be acknowledged. First, this was a single‐center retrospective study that included a limited number of patients, which resulted in the possibility of selection bias. Second, P-SAECG is sometimes difficult to perform because of irregular cardiac rhythms such as atrial or ventricular premature beats, environmental noise causing electrocardiogram interference, or overlap between the end of the P-wave and the beginning of the QRS complex. Third, asymptomatic recurrence during the follow-up period could not be fully identified; therefore, the recurrence rate may be underestimated. Fourth, the cause of AF recurrence, such as PV reconnection or other non-PV foci, could not be identified. Finally, P-SAECG can only be performed in patients with sinus rhythm; therefore, it might be challenging to apply our findings to patients with non-paroxysmal AF. Further prospective studies are needed to ascertain the relationship between AF recurrence and ALP.