0–4 yr. n=310 5–17 yr. n=59 18–59 yr. n=76 ≥60 yr. n=152
P-value
Demographics and clinical characteristics
Female 124 (40%) 26 (44.1%) 36 (47.4%) 70 (46.1%) 0.506
Inpatient 203 (65.5%) 31 (52.5%) 37 (48.7%) 119 (78.3%) <0.001
Time from illness onset to hospital admission, days 3.5 (2–5) 3 (1–6) 2.5 (1–6) 3 (1–6) 0.065
Comorbidity 9 (2.9%) (0%) 17 (22.4%) 87 (57.2%) <0.001
Asthma
1 (0.3%)
0 (0%)
6 (7.9%)
7 (4.6%)
<0.001
Bronchitis/bronchiolitis
1 (0.3%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
12 (7.9%)
<0.001
Chronical Obstructive Pneumonia disease
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
3 (3.9%)
13 (8.6%)
<0.001
Diabetes
1 (0.3%)
0 (0%)
5 (6.6%)
24 (15.8%)
<0.001
Hypertension
2 (0.6%)
0 (0%)
9 (11.8%)
52 (34.2%)
<0.001
Heart disease
4 (1.3%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
35 (23%)
<0.001
Chronical renal disease
1 (0.3%)
0 (0%)
2 (2.6%)
2 (1.3%)
0.143
Chronical liver disease
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
1 (0.7%)
0.481
Malignancy
2 (0.6%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
6 (3.9%)
0.034
Stroke
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
1 (1.3%)
16 (10.5%)
<0.001
Symptoms and signs
Fever (temperature ≥37.3°C) 267/304 (87.8%) 57/58 (98.3%) 67/75 (89.3%) 113/151 (74.8%) <0.001
Temperature, °C
<37.3
37/304 (12.2%)
1/58 (1.7%)
8/75 (10.7%)
38/151 (25.2%)
<0.001
37.3–37.9
21/304 (6.9%)
3/58 (5.2%)
4/75 (5.3%)
21/151 (13.9%)
38–38.9
129/304 (42.4%)
25/58 (43.1%)
41/75 (54.7%)
59/151 (39.1%)
≥39
117/304 (38.5%)
29/58 (50%)
22/75 (29.3%)
33/151 (21.9%)
Sore throat 36 (11.6%) 20 (33.9%) 27 (35.5%) 28 (18.4%) <0.001
Cough 297 (95.8%) 52 (88.1%) 66 (86.8%) 135 (88.8%) 0.003
Sputum production 189 (61%) 37 (62.7%) 55 (72.4%) 126 (82.9%) <0.001
Hemoptysis 2 (0.6%) 0 (0%) 2 (2.6%) 4 (2.6%) 0.138
Chest pain 1 (0.3%) 1 (1.7%) 5 (6.6%) 7 (4.6%) 0.001
Dyspnea 38 (12.3%) 0 (0%) 21 (27.6%) 80 (52.6%) <0.001
Nasal congestion 104 (33.5%) 18 (30.5%) 9 (11.8%) 12 (7.9%) <0.001
Rhinorrhea 133 (42.9%) 23 (39%) 22 (28.9%) 26 (17.1%) <0.001
Headache 1 (0.3%) 4 (6.8%) 8 (10.5%) 7 (4.6%) <0.001
Fatigue 2 (0.6%) 3 (5.1%) 11 (14.5%) 11 (7.2%) <0.001
Myalgia 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (3.9%) 5 (3.3%) 0.002
Diarrhea 11 (3.5%) 0 (0%) 1 (1.3%) 4 (2.6%) 0.534
Abdominal pain 6 (1.9%) 0 (0%) 4 (5.3%) 2 (1.3%) 0.175
Nausea or vomiting 14 (4.5%) 1 (1.7%) 2 (2.6%) 4 (2.6%) 0.717
Oliguria 1 (0.3%) 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 1 (0.7%) 0.731
Disturbance of consciousness 0 (0%) 0 (0%) 3 (3.9%) 11 (7.2%) <0.001
Abnormal respiratory rate, beats/min 116/237 (48.9%) 5/46 (10.9%) 6/65 (9.2%) 10/137 (7.3%) <0.001