Redundant antibiotic use
Results of PHIG intervention in relation to other study goals are summarized in Table 3. Overall, the administration of ≥ 4 antibiotics simultaneously remained unchanged at 4.1% before and after the intervention. However, it changed from 2.2% to 0.9% in units located in pediatric hospitals and from 8.2% to 11.2% in units located in general hospitals. Both the pre- and post-comparison of the simultaneous use of ≥ 4 antibiotics between units by type of hospital was highly significant (p =0.001 for both). The overall administration of antibiotics with overlapping activity for ≥2 days did not change significantly (4.5% before and 5.4% after the intervention,p =0.39). It decreased from 3.5% to 2.1% in units located in pediatric hospitals, while it increased from 6.7% to 12.5% in units located in general hospitals. Again, the pre- and post-intervention comparison of the administration of antibiotics with overlapping activity for ≥2 days between units by type of hospital was highly significant (p =0.034 and p =0.001, respectively).