Figure 3 Comparison of the predicted results with experimental data. (a) based on the dispersed phase density; (b) based on the continuous phase density

For the CT model, the adjustable parameters can be optimized to fit the experimental data of different researchers, while the predictive capability of the CT model is still not comparable to the breakup frequency model constructed in this study. Moreover, it should be noted that the breakup time in the CT model is assumed to be linearly related to the eddy turnover time, . As is discussed in our previous study^13,24, this is only applicable in the case ofWe_L ≫ 1, which is difficult to be satisfied for most liquid-liquid dispersion systems under normal operating conditions.