Figure 1 Comparison of the predicted results with the initial breakup experimental data (Hao Zhou (2017, 2019)^9,21, Han Zhou (2019)^8,10, Han Zhou (2021)¹³)

To further verify the generalizability of the breakup model constructed in the present work, experimental data of drop breakup frequency which are obtained by single drop breakup experiments were chosen. Andersson and Andersson ⁶ measured the drop breakup frequency of the kerosene-water system and three valid data points were provided in the reported literature. This work was carried out in a static mixer, the maximum scale of the local turbulent structure L was taken as the local flow channel width, L = 3 mm according to the information provided by Bouaifi et al. ³¹ Ashar et al.³ measured the drop breakup frequency of the rapeseed oil-water system in a rotor-stator mixer, and L was also taken as the local flow channel width (stator opening width), L = 6 mm. Maaß and Kraume¹ determined the drop breakup probability of the toluene-water and petroleum-water systems in a mimic stirred tank, the value of L is taken as the blade height,L = 14.5 mm. It should be noted that the value of the turbulent energy dissipation rate was not directly given in their original work, but only the apparent fluid flow speed in the channel was provided as 1.5 m/s. According to the work of Maaß et al.³², the blade tip speed v_tip in a stirred tank corresponding to this speed is v_tip = 1.5/0.7 m/s = 2.14 m/s. Accordingly, the turbulent energy dissipation rate in the vicinity of the impeller can be calculated as ^33,34: