Fig. 5. Single-cell analysis of immune cells in COVID-19
patients. (A) The box plot describes the proportion of lymphocytes,
neutrophil, and monocyte. The vertical axis indicates the values of
laboratory indicators. The P -value was calculated using
Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test and shown at the top of each panel. Boxplots
represent the 25th and 75th percentiles, with midlines indicating the
median values. ** represents P -value < 0.01. *
represents P -value < 0.05. NS. representsP -value > 0.05. (B) The histogram shows the
proportion of each cell type in healthy people (HC), mild patients, and
severe patients. The vertical axis indicates the fraction of the cell
type. Each color represents a cell type. (C) The t-distributed
stochastic neighbor embedding (tSNE) plot of T cells for seventeen
patients with COVID-19. (D) The tSNE plot of T cells colored by patient
type. Red, green, and blue represent the HC, mild, and severe,
respectively. (E) The tSNE plot of CD+8 T cells colored by
cell-type-specific markers. The shade of the color represents the level
of gene expression. (F) Violin plots of the inhibitory-receptors and
cytokines’ gene expression. The vertical axis indicates the level of
gene expression. (G) and (I) The tSNE plot of inhibitory-receptor
coexpression patterns. Yellow represents the cells expressing two genes
at the same time. (H) and (J) The bar plot shows the proportion of
inhibitory-receptor coexpression patterns. The vertical axis indicates
the rate of coexpression patterns.