Figure 4: (A) Bone-related gene expression in sheet-like substitutes (control monocultures and cocultures) after one month. Detailed results of 6 MSC donors. Relative expression detected by qRT-PCR with GAPDH as housekeeping gene normalized by results of non-differentiated MSCs (red line = 1). Dashed line: scale break. (B) Confirmation of endothelial cells presence at the end of the one-month co-culture. Relative expression mRNA of Vegfr2- and von Willebrand factor-related genes detected by qRT-PCR in coculture samples, detailed results of 6 MSCs donors normalized by results of non-differentiated MSCs (=1). For readability reasons (very high values), results of monocultures of ECs are not plotted. (C) Live/Dead fluorescence staining of MSCs and ECs cultured on BCP granules. Calcein AM in green (living cells) and EthD-1 in red (dead cells). The white line highlights a ECs colony (small round living cells on larger spread MSCs).