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\begin{document}

\title{Understanding the Interfacial Energy Structure and Electron Ex-traction
Process in Inverted Organic Solar Cells with Phos-phine-doped Cathode
Interlayers}



\author[1]{Yi Yang}%
\author[2]{Jingwen Wang}%
\author[1]{Xiao Yang}%
\author[3]{Bowei Xu}%
\author[4]{Jianhui Hou}%
\affil[1]{Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences}%
\affil[2]{Institute of Chemistry}%
\affil[3]{Beijing University of Chemical Technology}%
\affil[4]{State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 27, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Cathode interlayers (CILs) play an essential role in achieving efficient
organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the electronic structure at the
electrode/CIL/active layer interfaces and the underlying mechanisms for
electron collection remain unclear, which becomes a major obstacle to
develop high-performance CILs. Herein, we investigate the relationship
of the electron collection abilities of four cross-linked and n-doped
CILs (c-NDI:P0, c-NDI:P1, c-NDI:P2, c-NDI:P3) with their electronic
structure of space charge region at hetero-junction interface. By
accurately calculating the depletion region width according to the
barrier height, doping density and permittivi-ty, we put forward that
the optimal thickness of CIL should be consistent with the depletion
region width to realize the minimum en-ergy loss. As a result, the
depletion region width is largely reduced from 13 nm to 0.8 nm at the
indium tin oxide (ITO)/c-NDI:P0 in-terface, resulting in a decent PCE of
17.7\% for the corresponding inverted OSCs.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

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