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\begin{document}

\title{Ice Flow Speed Variability of the Vaughn Lewis Icefall, SE Alaska, From Tiltmeters}



\author[1]{Sicely V Sohn}%
\author[2]{Galina Jonat}%
\author[3]{Juliana Souza}%
\author[4]{Anne F Yoland}%
\author[5]{Emma Spezia}%
\author[6]{Keeya Beausoleil}%
\author[7]{Kiya L Riverman}%
\affil[1]{North Carolina State University}%
\affil[2]{Carleton University}%
\affil[3]{Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Vermont}%
\affil[4]{University of Toronto}%
\affil[5]{University of Pisa}%
\affil[6]{University of Alberta}%
\affil[7]{University of Portland}%


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  \date{May 22, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Icefalls are steep ice flow features that form over steps in bedrock
elevation. With their high driving stresses, icefalls have long been
assumed to have a constant ice flowspeed. This assumption has not been
thoroughly tested as methods using satellite feature tracking rapidly
loose coherence and long-term GPS installations on the ground are
unlikely to be retrievable. In this study, we test the hypothesis that
the Vaughan Lewis Icefall in Southeast Alaska experiences daily velocity
variations with daily variations in subglacial hydrology. Using high
resolution tiltmeters, we observe change in ice surface tilt across
eight days at two sites near the glacier centerline. We find daily
variation in ice surface tilt, suggesting there are variations in daily
ice flowspeed velocity. A weak and lagged correlation with air
temperature suggests that velocity variations may be due to daily
variations in subglacial hydrology. Future modeling efforts focused on
describing ice flow over icefalls should consider adding daily or
seasonal velocity variations. These results additionally have
implications for theoretical models of ogive formation, which could
result from seasonal flow speed variations across icefalls.%
\end{abstract}%



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