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\begin{document}

\title{Investigating the Potential for RGB and Hyperspectral Imaging to Enhance
Selection for Cadmium Uptake in Carrot}



\author[1]{Kathleen Zapf}%
\author[1]{Philipp Simon}%
\author[1]{Linda Lee}%
\author[2]{Yang Yang}%
\author[1]{Sungchan Oh}%
\author[1]{Lori Hoagland}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%
\affil[2]{Purdue Plant Science Institute, West Lafayette, IN, USA}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Carrot (\emph{Daucus carota} L.) can take up high concentrations of
toxic heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) and store them in their edible
taproots, leading to food safety risks.~ Cd poisoning in humans is
strongly linked to damage to the liver, lungs, and bones, as well as
prostate, kidney, pancreatic, and testicular cancer.~ Cd may also be
detrimental to carrot plant growth and nutrient content. A potential way
to address this challenge is to select for carrot varieties with lower
uptake, however, this is difficult because plants generally exhibit few
visible signs of Cd stress. The goal of this study was to determine if
hyperspectral imaging can be used as a tool to screen for carrot
breeding lines that can withstand Cd stress and restrict uptake, thereby
accelerating breeding efforts. To accomplish this goal, we grew 6 carrot
breeding lines previously shown to differ in their tendency to
accumulate toxic heavy metals like Cd at Purdue's Ag Alumni Phenotyping
Facility (AAPF).~ Carrots were either treated or not with cadmium
chloride (CdCl\textsubscript{2}), and imaged with red-green-blue (RGB)
and hyperspectral cameras throughout their growth. After 2 months,
plants were destructively harvested and Cd and other elements were
quantified using ICP.

Results of this study verified differences in the uptake of Cd and other
elements between the carrot lines, and several reflectance values and
vegetative indices have potential to detect Cd stress in carrot plants.%
\end{abstract}%



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