Lung function tests
Lung function tests were performed using a FlexiVent instrument control ventilator (Montreal, Quebec, Canada, SCIREQ, FlexiVent) with a forced oscillation system. Specifically, a tracheotomy was performed on anesthetized mice, and a spirometer was connected via a cannula. Pulmonary function parameters, including inspiratory capacity (IC), forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 100 ms (FEV100), as well as pulmonary ventilation function tests such as airway resistance (RI), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), chord compliance (Cchord), and mean mid-expiratory flow (MMEF), were measured according to the standard operation of the spirometer. All measures were assessed based on the mean of three replicate values.