Statistical Analysis
For the statistical analysis of the extracted data, we employed RevMan 5.4.1. In instances where raw data was available, we calculated Risk Ratio’s (RR) and Mean Difference (MD) along with their corresponding 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). These calculations were performed using a random-effects model, allowing us to create forest plots that visually represented the dichotomous and continuous outcomes respectively.
Heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2statistics and was reported as a percentage for every outcome. For an I2 value of less than 50%, low heterogeneity was indicated, moderate heterogeneity was considered when the I2 value was less than 75%, and high heterogeneity was observed with an I2 value of greater than 75%. Outcomes, if reporting an I2 greater than 75% were subjected to sensitivity analysis. Following the high heterogeneity leave one out sensitivity analysis was performed for only one outcome time to successful anesthesia induction.
In all statistical analyses, a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was established as the threshold for statistical significance. This criterion was applied across the board to determine the significance of our findings.