Statistical Analysis
For the statistical analysis of the extracted data, we employed RevMan
5.4.1. In instances where raw data was available, we calculated Risk
Ratio’s (RR) and Mean Difference (MD) along with their corresponding
95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). These calculations were performed using
a random-effects model, allowing us to create forest plots that visually
represented the dichotomous and continuous outcomes respectively.
Heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2statistics and was reported as a percentage for every outcome. For an
I2 value of less than 50%, low heterogeneity was
indicated, moderate heterogeneity was considered when the
I2 value was less than 75%, and high heterogeneity
was observed with an I2 value of greater than 75%.
Outcomes, if reporting an I2 greater than 75% were
subjected to sensitivity analysis. Following the high heterogeneity
leave one out sensitivity analysis was performed for only one outcome
time to successful anesthesia induction.
In all statistical analyses, a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was established as the
threshold for statistical significance. This criterion was applied
across the board to determine the significance of our findings.