[Figure 2]

2.3 Data sources

The dataset from 2000~2020 covers both spatial and statistical data. Among them, normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and land use data from 2000 to 2020 were used to analyze the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of terrestrial ecosystem health. Land use types of the study area were divided into six categories: forest land, grassland, water, cropland, construction land and unused land. Moreover, we collected the meteorological data (i.e., average annual temperature, average annual precipitation, solar radiation), topography data (i.e., DEM, slope), and socioeconomic statistic data (Table 1).