Acknowledgements
We acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation grant #2002558 through the Paleoclimate Perspectives on Climate Change (P2C2) program (S.C., C.W.T., J.E-G.), and the Regional and Global Model Analysis Program from Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (C.W.T.). We also thank the World Climate Research Programme’s Working Group on Coupled Modeling and the individual modeling groups for their roles in making CMIP and PMIP data available. We thank Peter Cox, Mark Williamson, and Feng Zhu for their helpful comments and suggestions that improved the present study. Lastly, we thank two reviewers for their constructive feedback.