2.7. Data presentation and statistical analysis
Briefly, all data were presented
as fold-change against the concurrent control in each generation (Liu et
al., 2020; Yue et al., 2021). The values in the concurrent control in
each indicator were normalized to 1.0. Therefore, fold-change values
lower than 1.0 indicate inhibition and those higher than 1.0 indicate
stimulation. All data passed normality test and went through two-way
ANOVA with a Tukey post hoc test at α = 0.05 (p< 0.05) to determine significant differences among treatments
(control and two concentrations) and among generations.
Parallel
analysis presented the individual data of each sample in each indicator
with a purpose to check the changing patterns between indicators in
corresponding samples. At the same time, the mean values that were
calculated from the individual data of each sample went through
Spearman’s rank correlation and
hierarchical clustering analysis
(HCA) to further analyze connections among the indicators (Yue et al.,
2021).