TEER measurement
The TEER measurement was based on commercial EVOM3 instrument (World Precision Instruments, America) and a simple device compatible with our chip for measuring TEER was designed (Fig. S2) . Four platinum wires were fixed on the PC cover after being cleaned several times with Piranha solution (A mixture of concentrated sulfuric acid and 30% hydrogen peroxide (3:1)), acetone, ethanol, and water, directly inserting into the solution as electrodes after sterilization by wiping with 70% ethanol. Washed the cell by PBS buffer once and the measurement was carried out in the PBS after the electrode was soaked in PBS for half an hour before use. The blank channel of the chip was measured in PBS before inoculating cells as blank control.