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\begin{document}

\title{Variable Stoichiometry Effects on Glacial/Interglacial Ocean Model
Biogeochemical Cycles and Carbon Storage}



\author[1]{Nathaniel Fillman}%
\author[1]{Andreas Schmittner}%
\author[2]{Karin F Kvale}%
\affil[1]{Oregon State University}%
\affil[2]{GNS Science}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 26, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Realistic model representation of ocean phytoplankton is important for
simulating nutrient cycles and the biological carbon pump, which affects
atmospheric carbon dioxide (\emph{p}CO\textsubscript{2}) concentrations
and, thus, climate. Until recently, most models assumed constant ratios
(or stoichiometry) of phosphorous (P), nitrogen (N), silicon (Si), and
carbon (C) in phytoplankton, despite observations indicating systematic
variations. Here, we investigate the effects of variable stoichiometry
on simulated nutrient distributions, plankton community compositions,
and the C cycle in the preindustrial (PI) and glacial oceans. Using a
biogeochemical model, a linearly increasing P:N relation to increasing
PO\textsubscript{4} is implemented for ordinary phytoplankton
(P\textsubscript{O}), and a nonlinearly decreasing Si:N relation to
increasing Fe is applied to diatoms (P\textsubscript{Diat}). C:N remains
fixed. Variable P:N affects modeled community composition through
enhanced PO\textsubscript{4} availability, which increases N-fixers in
the oligotrophic ocean, consistent with previous research. This
increases the NO\textsubscript{3} fertilization of P\textsubscript{O},
the NO\textsubscript{3} inventory, and the total plankton biomass.
Surface nutrients are not significantly altered. Conversely, variable
Si:N shifts south the Southern Ocean's meridional surface silicate
gradient, which aligns better with observations, but depresses
P\textsubscript{Diat} growth globally. In Last Glacial Maximum
simulations, P\textsubscript{O} respond to more oligotrophic conditions
by increasing their C:P. This strengthens the biologically mediated C
storage such that dissolved organic (inorganic) C inventories increase
by 34-40 (38-50) Pg C and 0.7-1.2 Pg yr\textsuperscript{-1} more
particulate C is exported into the interior ocean. Thus, an additional
13-14 ppm of \emph{p}CO\textsubscript{2} difference from PI levels
results, improving model agreement with glacial observations.%
\end{abstract}%



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\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`969082_0_art_file_11225360_ryd1qt.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/643297/articles/656731-variable-stoichiometry-effects-on-glacial-interglacial-ocean-model-biogeochemical-cycles-and-carbon-storage}

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