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\begin{document}

\title{Western Barents Sea Circulation and Hydrography, past and present}



\author[1]{Eivind Hugaas Kolås}%
\author[2]{Till M. Baumann}%
\author[3]{Ragnheid Skogseth}%
\author[4]{Zoe Koenig}%
\author[1]{Ilker Fer}%
\affil[1]{University of Bergen}%
\affil[2]{Geophysical Institute University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research}%
\affil[3]{University Centre in Svalbard}%
\affil[4]{Norwegian Polar Institute}%


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  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Barents Sea is one of the main pathways for warm and saline Atlantic
Water (AW) entering the Arctic Ocean. It is an important region for
water mass transformation and dense-water production that contribute to
the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Here, we present data
from three cruises and nine glider missions conducted between 2019 and
2022 in the western Barents Sea, and compare with historical data
collected from 1950 to 2009. We present circulation pathways,
hydrography, heat content and volume fluxes of Atlantic- and
Arctic-origin waters. Our observations show that 0.9\selectlanguage{ngerman}±0.1 Sv (1 Sv =
10\textsuperscript{6} m\textsuperscript{3} s\textsuperscript{-1}) of
Atlantic-origin water reaches the Polar Front (PF) region before
splitting into several branches and eventually subducting beneath Polar
Water (PW). The observed increased heat content in the AW inflow over
the past decades can be traced under the Polar front. The amount of heat
stored in the basin north of the PF is determined by the density
difference between AW and PW, and reached a maximum in the 90s when PW
was particularly fresh. The inflow of Atlantic Water (AW) into the
Barents Sea during the period from 2019 to 2022 exhibits a decrease in
salinity of up to 0.1 g kg\textsuperscript{-1} compared to previous
decades. Consequently, this leads to a reduction in the production of
dense water, an increased temperature gradient across the PF, and a
reduced poleward transport of warm water.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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