Literature extraction
From the databases, 78 articles were initially screened for relevance to
medical education in China. 13 articles were added through a manual
search of the journal and an internet search. 15 articles were removed
as duplicates by EndNote X9 software (Clarivate Analytics, USA). Two
authors extracted 36 articles from the titles and abstracts of the
articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Six authors read and
discussed the full text of the 36 extracted articles and removed 5
articles that did not fit the theme of the study. Finally, 31 articles
were identified as relevant to this study. The complete search strategy
is shown in Figure 1 .