Fig 1. Mean abundance of Gyrodactylus kobayashii on fins of
goldfish (Carassius
auratus ,)
and silver crucian carp (C. auratus
gibelio ,)
in different combinations of fishes. Control group, 10 C.
auratus ; TG1, 10 C. auratus + 10 C. auratus gibelio ; TG2,
10 C. auratus + 10 grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus );
TG3, 10 C. auratus + 10 swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri );
TG4, 10 C. auratus + 3 C. auratus gibelio + 4C. idellus + 3 X. helleri . Different letters on the grey
bar indicate a significant difference in mean abundance among the five
groups at 0.05 level.
Fig 2. Effects of additional fish species on average speed (A), average
adjacency distance (B) and cumulative contact time (C) among six
goldfish (Carassius auratus ). Different letters on the grey bar
indicate a significant difference among the four groups at 0.05 level.
Fig 3. Trajectory heatmap of a goldfish (Carassius auratus )
within ten minutes in goldfish (as control), silver crucian carp
(Carassius auratus gibelio ), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon
idellus ) and swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri ) groups. The warmer
color on the right side of heatmap indicates much more time the goldfish
stayed there.
Fig 4. Conceptual model of spatial distribution of fish with schooling
behavior. (A) School of goldfish (Carassius auratus ) (orange);
(B) Goldfish school mixed with silver crucian carp (Carassius
auratus gibelio ) (grey) with low competence, reducing encounters
between infected and uninfected goldfish; (C) Goldfish school separated
from incompetent grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ) or
swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri ) (green) , hardly reducing
encounters between infected and uninfected goldfish.
S Video. Relationship of fish schools between focal host and added fish
species. (A) Schooling patterns of goldfish (Carassius auratus )
alone; (B) Schooling patterns of goldfish and silver crucian carp
(Carassius auratus gibelio ); (C) Schooling patterns of goldfish
and swordtail (Xiphophorus helleri ); (D) Schooling patterns of
goldfish and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus ).