Statistical analysis
Significant differences were analyzed using the G -test of heterogeneity in establishment success rate (Sokal & Rohlf 2012), and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test in mean abundance between the test group and the control group. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed to compare differences in mean abundance at the population and community levels, average speed, average adjacency distance, and cumulative contact time of goldfish between the control group and the multispecies groups.