This study was conducted in three parts which are as follows:
First, the physical models of the samples were simulated using the Ecotect Analysis11A building simulation software 2011 software; moreover, the amount of consumed by each sample, given the total area of openings, were calculated via Energy Plus22A fuel consumption simulation software 8.2.0 software, with respect to the climate conditions of sample city—Ilam City. The openings in these eight samples were evaluated from 0 to 100% in terms 10-100% wall transparency so as to analyze energy consumption at peak hot and cold periods as well as the thermal comfort and air conditioning. Furthermore, to gain a better understanding of the results, software outputs were inserted into Excel at each stage and the results were presented as charts.
Next, given the significance of the amount of received solar energy as a natural energy source, it was analyzed both as a thermal and lighting source and the quantitative results were provided for all eight samples. Then, the results were expressed as mathematical functions33In hot and cold conditions, comfort period, and air conditioning along with the amount of natural lighting and the results of previous stages were transformed into assessable mathematical charts44Calculations were transformed into a quadratic function using Excel and the best modes of energy consumption and opening percentage were specified relatively followed by optimization.; ultimately, the optimal transparency and lighting in each sample followed by the optimal extent of energy consumption were measured using the defined parameters.
Finally, to offer an optimal building pattern based on the selected parameters in this study, the most optimal models related to transparency, openings, plan, and building orientation were offered; subsequently, the extent of energy consumption was analyzed based on these models to ensure the optimality of the proposed model.
This study represents parameters such as plan, the total areas of openings, the extent of wall transparency and building orientation relative to geographical direction in relation to energy consumption in residential buildings of Ilam City which has a cold, temperate climate (Figure 1).