3.1 Levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β in SFTS and COVID-19 patients.
Among SFTS patients, serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in those with fatal disease were significantly higher than those in patients with nonfatal disease, and TGF-β concentrations in the former were significantly lower than those in the latter during the initial clinical course of hospitalization (Figure 1 and Supplemental table 3 ).
However, there were no statistically significant differences in serum levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α between patients with fatal disease and those with nonfatal disease (Supplemental figure 1 and Supplemental table 3 ).[7]
In COVID-19 patients, serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations in patients with severe and critical disease were significantly higher than those in patients with mild to moderate disease, and TGF-β concentrations in patients with severe and critical disease were significantly lower than those in patients with mild to moderate disease during the initial clinical course of hospitalization (Figure 2 andSupplemental table 4 ).
However, similar to the results of SFTS patients, there were no statistically significant differences in plasma levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α between patients with mild to moderate and severe/critical disease (Supplemental figure 2 andSupplemental table 4 ).
In this study, we found that the levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β were significantly associated with the outcomes of patients with SFTSV and SARS-CoV-2 (Figures 1 and2 ).[7, 9, 10, 14, 15].