Figure 2. Research framework flowchart
2.2 Data
Daily meteorological data (e.g., precipitation, temperature) during the flood season from 1971 to 2000 recorded at 18 meteorological stations in the Qinhe River Basin were obtained from the Yellow River Hydrological Yearbook and China Meteorological Data Service Center (https://data.cma.cn/). Based on an inverse distance weighted approach, these daily data from different stations were spatially interpolated.
Land use / cover data and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for the Qinhe River Basin with a spatial resolution of 1 km for the period from 1982 to 2000 were retrieved from the geospatial data cloud (http://www.gscloud.cn). Digital elevation data with a spatial resolution of 30 m were collected and a topographic map that was vectorized through geometric correction, data splicing, and other processing techniques was used to create a digital elevation model (DEM). The hydrologic module in ArcGIS was used for analysis and underlying surface data, such as the DEM, sub–basins, river networks, and slope, with a resolution of 30 m that were obtained for the Qinhe River Basin, served as input data for the hydrological model.