Study area
Gunung Keriang is a small limestone hill rising out from a vast rice
field areas north of Alor Setar (northern Peninsular Malaysia). Sampling
was conducted in two different paddy growing seasons (based on MADA’s
irrigation schedule):
Season 1 – dry season (started in April 2021 end in September 2021)
Season 2 – wet season (started in October 2021 end in February 2022)
Three identified sites were chosen around Gunung Keriang: MADA A (6°10’
59.2” N, 100°19’ 22.4” E), MADA B (6°11’ 57.4” N, 100°19’ 50.0” E),
and MADA C (6°11’ 22.4” N, 100°20’ 30.2” E) (Figure 1).
The trapping was conducted every month for three consecutive days in
MADA A, MADA B and MADA C starting from April 2021 until February 2022.
There are five main phases of paddy growing which are germination,
vegetative, reproductive, ripening and harvesting. For the dry season,
the reproductive phase was excluded due to restriction movement that was
implemented during that growing phase of paddy. For the wet season, we
recorded all the phases of paddy growth.