Data analysis
Peak time of insect emergence was analyzed based on the number of insects collected per hour. It can be associated with bat foraging activity in the following objective of the study. Insect presence was used to estimate food availability for bats based on different stages of paddy growth (germination, vegetative, reproductive, ripening and harvesting). Insect data is recorded in two parameters: relative abundance (number of insects of specific taxa/total number of insects) and absolute abundance (number of insects of specific taxa). All the statistical analyses were calculated in R version 4.2.2. The Pearson parametric correlation test was used for the correlation analysis. The variables were first centered and scaled before running for the statistical test. For the multiple linear regression, the model used is lm(bat activity ~ minimum temperature + rainfall, data=mydata). We also run the regression model for these dominant bat species: Rhinolophus pusillus , Myotis ridleyi ,Hipposideros larvatus , Rhinolophus malayanus andRhinolophus refulgens . Multiple linear regression requires some conditions of application for the model to be usable and the results can be interpretable. The function check_model() from the {performance} package was used to test all of the conditions of the model.