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\begin{document}

\title{Prolific nitrite re-oxidation across the Eastern Tropical North Pacific
Ocean}



\author[1]{Natalya Evans}%
\author[1]{Juliana Tichota}%
\author[2]{James Moffett}%
\author[3]{Allan Devol}%
\affil[1]{Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California}%
\affil[2]{University of Southern California}%
\affil[3]{School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington}%


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  \date{May 18, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Marine Oxygen Deficient Zones serve as hotspots for the loss of fixed
nitrogen for the world's oceans, and fixed nitrogen limits primary
productivity in large expanses of the ocean. This fixed nitrogen loss
occurs primarily through denitrification, where the stepwise reduction
of nitrate to nitrite and ultimately to dinitrogen gas is coupled to
organic matter oxidation. Nitrite, the first intermediate in
denitrification, can also be re-oxidized back to nitrate in a reaction
by chemoautotrophic microbes. Nitrite's partitioning between reduction
and oxidation determines if marine fixed nitrogen is lost or recycled.
Nitrite oxidation in anoxic waters has been previously studied through
stable and tracer isotope experiments, but the difficulty of these
measurements has limited their geographical distribution and therefore
requires extrapolation to understand their impact on the nitrogen
cycling. Using basin-scale data, we analyze the progression of nutrients
within the three water masses that feed the Eastern Tropical North
Pacific Oxygen Deficient Zone. Significant deviations from the expected
stoichiometry for denitrification demonstrate that 79\% of the nitrite
produced in the upper region of the Oxygen Deficient Zone is
re-oxidized, whereas only 54\% of the nitrite produced in the lower
region of the Oxygen Deficient Zone is re-oxidized. These large
estimates for nitrite re-oxidation reveal significant fixed nitrogen
recycling across the Eastern Tropical North Pacific.%
\end{abstract}%



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