2) Low nucleation barrier and high reversibility of Li
Unlike LMBs, Li nucleates directly on the surface of CCs and subsequently grows during the initial charge process for AFLMBs. Owing to the higher nucleation kinetics of Li on Cu CCs than on Li metal, uniform Li nucleates, and compact Li metal is deposited.[62] The non-uniform and porous morphology of Li plated on Li metal is detrimental to cyclability[63], whereas uniform and dense lithium metal growth on Cu CCs reduces the side reactions of Li and the electrolyte, resulting in high Coulombic efficiencies (CEs).