Malaria infects humans through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito that
transmits the Plasmodium parasite. There are five species of plasmodium:
falciparum, vivax, ovale , Malariae and Knowlesi[1]. Some Authors
have suggested that Malarial splenic complications are associated with
plasmodium vivax infection[2]
Malaria infection alone has the greatest impact on global health,
affecting more than 500 million individuals with more than 2.5 million
deaths every year. It can manifest as an acute febrile illness, but it
can lead to severe complications such as shock, respiratory distress,
severe anemia, convulsions, intra-abdominal organ inflammation, and
bleeding caused by spontaneous splenic rupture [3]
According to the WHO, malaria is endemic in Sudan, and over 1.8 million
cases have been reported in 2019, representing 12.4% of all diseases
surveyed by the health sector with a mortality rate of 13 per 10,000.
[4]. Malarial infection incidence in Sudan was estimated to be 9
million cases per year in 2007 with 44,000 deaths related to malaria
complications[5]. The spleen plays an important role in immunity
against malaria by producing antibodies against malaria parasites, this
can lead to splenic enlargement making it more susceptible to
complications such as hematoma formation and rupture [6].