Introduction
The TAFRO syndrome, a rare systemic disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly, was first reported in Japan in 2010. It is classified as a subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease (iMCD) because the pathological findings of lymph nodes in TAFRO syndrome are similar to those of iMCD. iMCD is a lymphoproliferative disorder with three distinct subtypes: POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell proliferation, and skin change) syndrome, TAFRO syndrome, or iMCD-not otherwise specified (iMCD-NOS) [1]. TAFRO syndrome is distinct from POEMS syndrome or iMCD-NOS, as it does not accompany human herpesvirus 8 infection, immunoglobulin overproduction, or polyneuropathy. TAFRO syndrome often presents with progressive clinical symptoms and can be fatal.
COVID-19 vaccination is recommended to reduce the number of COVID-19 infected population and lower the risk of becoming severe. However, some serious adverse events have been reported after COVID-19 vaccination, such as anaphylaxis, thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Guillain-Barre syndrome, and myocarditis [2-5]. Although these complications are not frequent, these incidents may lead people to avoid vaccination and the pandemic to the worse.
Here, we report a case of TAFRO syndrome that developed after the first injection of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine.