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Radiative impacts of Californian marine low clouds on North Pacific climate
  • +2
  • Ayumu Miyamoto,
  • Hisashi Nakamura,
  • Shang-Ping Xie,
  • Takafumi Miyasaka,
  • Yu Kosaka
Ayumu Miyamoto
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

Author Profile
Hisashi Nakamura
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
Shang-Ping Xie
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego
Takafumi Miyasaka
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo
Yu Kosaka
Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo

Abstract

The northeastern Pacific climate system is featured by an extensive low-cloud deck off California on the southeastern flank of the subtropical high that accompanies intense northeasterly trades and relatively low sea surface temperatures (SSTs). This study assesses climatological impacts of the low-cloud deck and their seasonal differences by regionally turning on and off the low-cloud radiative effect in a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model. The simulations demonstrate that the cloud radiative effect causes a local SST decrease of up to 3ÂșC on an annual average with the response extending southwestward with intensified trade winds, indicative of the wind-evaporation-SST (WES) feedback. This non-local wind response is strong in summer, when the SST decrease peaks due to increased shortwave cooling, and persists into autumn. In these seasons when the background SST is high, the lowered SST suppresses deep-convective precipitation that would otherwise occur in the absence of the low-cloud deck. The resultant anomalous diabatic cooling induces a surface anticyclonic response with the intensified trades that promote the WES feedback. Such seasonal enhancement of the atmospheric response does not occur without air-sea couplings. The enhanced trades accompany intensified upper-tropospheric westerlies, strengthening the vertical wind shear that, together with the lowered SST, acts to shield Hawaii from powerful hurricanes. On the basin scale, the anticyclonic surface wind response accelerates the North Pacific subtropical ocean gyre to speed up the Kuroshio by as much as 30%. SST thereby increases along the Kuroshio and its extension, intensifying upward turbulent heat fluxes from the ocean to increase precipitation.