Data quality assessment
The only systematic error found by the manual inspection was an alignment failure in diaspores with sharply bent awns belonging from the Poaceae family, which resulted in inaccurate length and width measurements. To correct for this error, we edited images of Poaceae species and erased the elongated appendage with the brush and clone stamp tools in Adobe Photoshop, saved it as PNG. The images were labelled with the same name as the original image, with the addition of ’_edit’ (e.g., ‘img_0261’ and ‘img_0261_edit’). Traits of edited images were extracted with Traitor and merged with the dataset with the addition of ‘elongated appendages’ on the ‘missing structures’ column. Original records of species with bent appendages were deleted from the dataset, while those of species with unbent appendages were kept.
4. Taxonomic data: Species names and family information were using the functions WFO.match and WFO.one from the R packageWorldFlora (Kindt 2020). The last nomenclature verification was carried out on September 16th, 2022.