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\begin{document}

\title{Human activities have been a key driver of hydraulic erosion changes in
northeastern China over the past 37 years}



\author[1]{Li Hua}%
\author[1]{Qi Tang}%
\author[1]{Chongfa Cai}%
\author[1]{Long Jiang}%
\author[1]{Chongfa Cai}%
\affil[1]{Huazhong Agricultural University College of Resources and Environment}%


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  \date{June 09, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Northeast China is experiencing severe soil erosion, resulting in land
degradation and nutrient loss. Among them, hydraulic erosion poses the
greatest threat to food security. Combining various multi-source data,
we applied the modified soil erosion equation (RUSLE) to evaluate
hydraulic erosion modulus in Northeast China's black soil
region(1985--2021). We used the threshold segmentation and residual
analysis method to quantify the relative roles of climate change and
human activities on hydraulic erosion. The outcomes were presented
below: (1) The yearly mean hydraulic erosion modulus was 804.78 t\selectlanguage{ngerman}·km
\textsuperscript{-2}·a \textsuperscript{-1} and decreases significantly
with a slope of -11.114 t·km \textsuperscript{-2}·a
\textsuperscript{-1}. The area with significant growth in erosion
modulus covered 23.77\% of the overall area and was mainly spread in
grassland and farmland. The areas with a significant decrease in erosion
modulus covered 19.82\% and were mainly spread in natural forests. (2)
In areas with significant increases in erosion, 20.39\% of the total
area was attributed to anthropogenic factors and 3.38\% of the total
area was attributed to natural factors. In areas where soil erosion was
significantly reduced, 17.67\% and 2.15\% were attributed to ecological
restoration and natural factors, respectively. (3) Deforestation,
grassland degradation, and unreasonable farming still exist. The area of
sloping cropland (\selectlanguage{english}[?]6deg) increased by 133.9 km \textsuperscript{2} per
year, and sloping land erosion increased by 0.187 * 10 10 t per year.
The focus of soil erosion prevention and control in northeast China is
ecological restoration of grasslands, sloping land management, and
conservation tillage.%
\end{abstract}\selectlanguage{ngerman}%



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\verb`20230306.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/593189/articles/628329-human-activities-have-been-a-key-driver-of-hydraulic-erosion-changes-in-northeastern-china-over-the-past-37-years}

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