3.4 Effect of DP-induced macrophage polarization on BMSC migration and differentiation in vitro
The effects of macrophages cultured on DP on the proliferation, migration, and differentiation of BMSCs were further evaluated. CCK-8 analysis indicated no significant differences in cell proliferation activity among the different groups (Figure 4A). Both wound scratch and Transwell assays showed that BMSC migration was significantly promoted by macrophages seeded on DP scaffolds in comparison to the different control conditions (Figure 4B-E). Additionally, we observed that the CM from macrophages cultured on DP facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, as confirmed by ARS staining as well as changes in the mRNA expression levels of Runx2 and BMP2 . The obtained data indicate that CM from macrophages exposed to DP promoted the migration and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.