Study region and experimental design
Canopy arthropods were collected from research plots (n =32) of the
EFForTS (E cological and Socioeconomic F unctions of
Tropical Lowland
Rainfor est T ransformation S ystems) project in
the lowlands of Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia (Supplementary Fig.
S1; Drescher et al. 2016), a region dominated by smallholder cash crop
agriculture (Clough et al. 2016). Eight 50 m ⨯ 50 m plots each were
established in three of the most dominant agricultural land-use systems
in Jambi Province, i.e. monocultures of rubber (Hevea
brasiliensis ), oil palm (Elaeis guineensis ), and jungle rubber
(rubber agroforest system in gradually degrading rainforest remnants;
Rembold et al. 2017), as well as in lowland rainforest as control. The
32 research plots were located within and around two lowland rainforest
reserves, i.e. the Bukit Duabelas National Park and the Harapan
Rainforest, which are covered by degraded primary rainforest (Margono et
al. 2014). The plots inside and near Bukit Duabelas National Park are
referred to as belonging to the “Bukit Duabelas landscape”, while the
research plots inside and near Harapan rainforest are affiliated to the
“Harapan landscape” (Drescher et al. 2016).