COVID-19 infection before, during, or after vaccination
A total of 721(12.6%) participants suffered from COVID-19 infection before, during, or after the completion of two doses of vaccines. Of these 721 participants, 326(45.2%) had COVID-19 infection before vaccination, 83(11.5%) during vaccination (after the 1st dose, but before 2nd dose of vaccination), 307(42.6%) after completion of 2 doses of vaccination, and five (0.7%) during and after completion of vaccination (Table 3). A total of 584(81.0%) participants out of 721 received the COVISHIELD vaccine and the remaining 137(19.0%) had the COVAXIN vaccine. No significant difference was observed in the incidence of COVID-19 infection during and after vaccination with either COVAXIN or COVISHIELD vaccines (p=0.236).
Post-COVID-19 infection menstrual cycle pattern and pre- and post-menstrual symptoms
A total of 47(6.5%) participants of 721 who had a history of COVID-19 infection observed changes in their menstrual cycle post-infection. Of these 47 participants, 25(53.2%) observed change in the amount of bleeding (17 having excessive bleeding, of which eight had bleeding lasting for >7 days, and the remaining nine participants complained of scanty menses), 22(46.8%) complained of changes in the cycle length, and 19(40.4%) observed the new onset passage of clots during menses which was not there before the infection. Furthermore, 15(5.5%) participants complained of new-onset severe dysmenorrhea and or burning sensation in the vagina during menstruation. Table 3 depicts the comparison of COVID-19 infection onset and severity, post-infection menstrual cycle changes, and its associated symptoms in women who received COVISHIELD or COVAXIN vaccines. When comparing menstrual abnormalities including length of cycle, and amount of bleeding among those with a history of COVID-19 infection before, during, or after vaccination, no significant associations were observed (p >0.05).