Figure 5. Relative growth rates of non-native species and
native congeners (A). Relationship between the difference in the
relative growth rate between non-native species and its corresponding
native congener and the difference in the induced defense between
non-native species and its corresponding native congener (B). Induced
defense was assessed by difference in Spodoptera littoralislarval weight gain on the leaves between healthy and damaged plants
[-1 × (larval weight gain on the leaves of damaged plant – average of
larval weight gain on the leaves of healthy plant)]. Each point
represents a non-native species and its native congener. Lines indicate
significant linear relationships. *** indicatesp <0.001.