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\begin{document}

\title{A Framework for Climate-induced Multi-hazard Resilience Index in
Conflict Contexts: Assessing Resilience of Rohingya Refugee-hosting
communities in Bangladesh based on Secondary and Remote Sensing Data~~~~}



\author[1]{Sakib Imtiaz}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 21, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The present study aims to develop a framework for Multi-hazard
Resilience Index for Refugee-hosting high-risk areas based on secondary
and remote sensing data. The framework has been piloted in Bangladesh's
3 Rohingya refugee hosting sites, namely Raja Palong, Palong Khali, and
Ratna Palong. This framework is an adaptation of the Climate Disaster
Resilience Index (CDRI) model introduced by the International
Environment and Disaster Management Laboratory of Kyoto University
Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies in 2008. The new
framework is mainly developed by identifying a list of indicators and
variables following an extensive literature review. The study also
incorporated the ``Rapid Index of Stress to the Refugee Crisis,'' which
is an adaptation of ``Rapid Index of Stress to the Syrian Crisis''
developed by UNDP.

Secondary data were collected from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics,
Community Risk Assessment reports, government documents, and Inter
Sector Coordination Group (ISCG) survey reports. Satellite-based remote
sensing data were collected from U.S. Geological Survey Archive. The
framework has five dimensions of resilience: physical, social, economic,
institutional, and natural, each of which includes several parameters.
Weighted Mean Index (WMI) method is used to compute the resilience
scores.

Considering overall resilience, Ratna Palong shows higher resilience
than Palongkhali and Raja Palong. Regarding the natural dimension,
Palong Khali scores highest (3.25), whereas Ratna Palong scores lowest
(2.83). Palong Khali scores lowest (3.90) in the physical dimension.
Ratna Palong shows a significantly higher score (3.31) than other
communities. All the communities show good scores in the institutional
dimension but comparatively lower scores in the social dimension.
Increasing labor competition, deforestation, price increase, and damage
to the physical and natural resources are challenges for host
communities to build more resilient and safer communities. Policies for
housing and land use planning, natural resources and ecosystem
management, alternative livelihood opportunities, and budget allocation
for implementing these policies are required to build community
resilience during a protracted refugee crisis.%
\end{abstract}%



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