\documentclass[10pt]{article}

\usepackage{fullpage}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{parskip}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\usepackage[section]{placeins}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{breakcites}
\usepackage{lineno}
\usepackage{hyphenat}





\PassOptionsToPackage{hyphens}{url}
\usepackage[colorlinks = true,
            linkcolor = blue,
            urlcolor  = blue,
            citecolor = blue,
            anchorcolor = blue]{hyperref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\makeatletter
\patchcmd\@combinedblfloats{\box\@outputbox}{\unvbox\@outputbox}{}{%
  \errmessage{\noexpand\@combinedblfloats could not be patched}%
}%
\makeatother


\usepackage{natbib}




\renewenvironment{abstract}
  {{\bfseries\noindent{\abstractname}\par\nobreak}\footnotesize}
  {\bigskip}

\titlespacing{\section}{0pt}{*3}{*1}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{0pt}{*2}{*0.5}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{0pt}{*1.5}{0pt}


\usepackage{authblk}


\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[space]{grffile}
\usepackage{latexsym}
\usepackage{textcomp}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{tabulary}
\usepackage{booktabs,array,multirow}
\usepackage{amsfonts,amsmath,amssymb}
\providecommand\citet{\cite}
\providecommand\citep{\cite}
\providecommand\citealt{\cite}
% You can conditionalize code for latexml or normal latex using this.
\newif\iflatexml\latexmlfalse
\providecommand{\tightlist}{\setlength{\itemsep}{0pt}\setlength{\parskip}{0pt}}%

\AtBeginDocument{\DeclareGraphicsExtensions{.pdf,.PDF,.eps,.EPS,.png,.PNG,.tif,.TIF,.jpg,.JPG,.jpeg,.JPEG}}

\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[ngerman,english]{babel}



\usepackage{float}






% Edit this header.tex file to include frontmatter definitions and global macros

% Add here any LaTeX packages you would like to load in all document blocks
% \usepackage{xspace}

% Add here any LaTeX macros you would like to load in all document blocks
% \def\example{This is an example macro.}

% -----

\iflatexml
% Add here any LaTeXML-specific commands

% -----

\else
% Add here any export style-specific LaTeX commands. These will only be loaded upon document export.
% \paperfield{Subject domain of my document}
% \keywords{keyword1, keyword2}
% \corraddress{Author One PhD, Department, Institution, City, State or Province, Postal Code, Country}
% \fundinginfo{Funder One, Funder One Department, Grant/Award Number: 123456.}
\fi


\begin{document}

\title{A novel gravity wave transport parametrization for global chemistry
climate models: description and validation}



\author[1]{Maria Vittoria Guarino}%
\author[2]{Chester S. Gardner}%
\author[3]{Wuhu Feng}%
\author[4]{Bernd Funke}%
\author[5]{Maya García-Comas}%
\author[6]{Manuel Lopez Puertas}%
\author[7]{Marcin M Kupilas}%
\author[7]{Daniel R Marsh}%
\author[7]{John Maurice Campbell Plane}%
\affil[1]{International Centre for Theoretical Physics}%
\affil[2]{University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign}%
\affil[3]{National Centre for Atmospheric Science}%
\affil[4]{Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC}%
\affil[5]{IAA, CSIC}%
\affil[6]{Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC}%
\affil[7]{University of Leeds}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 22, 2024}


\begingroup
\let\center\flushleft
\let\endcenter\endflushleft
\maketitle
\endgroup





\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
The gravity wave drag parametrization of the Whole Atmosphere Community
Climate Model (WACCM) has been modified to include the wave-driven
atmospheric vertical mixing caused by propagating, non-breaking, gravity
waves. The strength of this atmospheric mixing is represented in the
model via the ``effective wave diffusivity'' coefficient K\_wave. Using
K\_wave, a new total dynamical diffusivity K\_Dyn is defined. K\_Dyn
represents the vertical mixing of the atmosphere by both breaking
(dissipating) and vertically propagating (non-dissipating) gravity
waves. Here we show that, when the new diffusivity is used, the downward
fluxes of Fe and Na between 80 and 100 km largely increase. Larger
meteoric ablation injection rates of these metals (within a factor 2 of
measurements) can now be used in WACCM, which produce Na and Fe layers
in good agreement with lidar observations. Mesospheric
CO\textsubscript{2}~is also significantly impacted, with the largest
CO\textsubscript{2}~concentration increase occurring between 80-90 km,
where model-observations agreement improves. However, in regions where
the model overestimates CO\textsubscript{2}~concentration, the new
parametrization exacerbates the model bias. The mesospheric cooling
simulated by the new parametrization, while needed, is currently too
strong almost everywhere. The summer mesopause in both hemispheres
becomes too cold by about 30K compared to observations, but it shifts
upward, partially correcting the WACCM low summer mesopause. Our results
highlight the far-reaching implications and the necessity of
representing vertically propagating gravity waves in climate models.
This novel method of modelling gravity waves contributes to growing
evidence that it is time to move away from dissipative-only gravity wave
parametrizations.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


Manuscript ACCEPTED on April 2024. DOI:10.1029/2023MS003938

\selectlanguage{english}
\FloatBarrier
\end{document}

