Statistical analysis
The statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for
Windows, version 26 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). The quantitative and
qualitative variables are shown as mean ± standard deviation (SD) and
absolute number (or percentage), respectively. One-sample
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to investigate the normal distribution
of parameters. One-way ANOVA test is used to compare the means of
continuous parameters and the independent sample Kruskal-Wallis test for
nonparametric variables. Spearman and Pearson’s correlation is applied
for nonparametric and parametric variables, respectively, to explore the
correlation between different variables. Finally, a receiver operator
characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the echocardiographic parameters
and measurement of the area under the curve (AUC) was performed. A
p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.